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Pablo Escobar - Wikipedia. Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβ̞lo eˈmiljo eskoˈβ̞aɾ ɣ̞aˈβ̞iɾja]; 1 December 1. December 1. 99. 3) was a Colombiandrug lord and narcoterrorist. His cartel supplied an estimated 8.

United States at the height of his career, turning over US $2. He was often called "The King of Cocaine" and was the wealthiest criminal in history, with an estimated known net worth of US $3.

Escobar was born in Rionegro, Colombia and grew up in nearby Medellín. He studied briefly at Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellin but left without a degree; he began to engage in criminal activity that involved selling contraband cigarettes and fake lottery tickets, and he participated in motor vehicle theft.

In the 1. 97. 0s, he began to work for various contraband smugglers, often kidnapping and holding people for ransom before beginning to distribute powder cocaine himself, as well as establishing the first smuggling routes into the United States in 1. His infiltration to the drug market of the U. S. expanded exponentially due to the rising demand for cocaine and, by the 1. Colombia to the U.

S. on a monthly basis. His drug network was commonly known as the Medellín Cartel, which often competed with rival cartels domestically and abroad, resulting in massacres and the murders of police officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians. In 1. 98. 2, Escobar was elected as an alternate member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia as part of the Liberal Alternative movement. Through this, he was responsible for the construction of houses and football fields in western Colombia, which gained him notable popularity among the locals of the towns that he frequented. However, Colombia became the murder capital of the world, and Escobar was vilified by the Colombian and American governments.[7] In 1. Escobar was shot and killed in his hometown by Colombian National Police, one day after his 4. Early life. The city of Medellín, where Escobar grew up and began his criminal career.

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was born on 1 December 1. Rionegro, in the Antioquia Department of Colombia.

He was the third of seven children to Abel de Jesús Dari Escobar, a farmer, and Hermilda Gaviria, an elementary school teacher.[1. Raised in the nearby city of Medellín, Escobar is thought to have begun his criminal career as a teenager, allegedly stealing gravestones and sanding them down for resale to local smugglers.

His brother, Roberto Escobar, denies this, instead claiming that the gravestones came from cemetery owners whose clients had stopped paying for site care, and that he had a relative who had a monuments business.[1. Escobar's son, Sebastián Marroquín, claims his father's foray into crime began with a successful practice of selling counterfeit high school diplomas,[6] generally counterfeiting those awarded by the Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellín. Escobar studied at the University for a short period, but left without obtaining a degree.[1. Escobar eventually became involved in many criminal activities with Oscar Benel Aguirre, with the duo running petty street scams, selling contraband cigarettes, fake lottery tickets, and stealing cars.[citation needed] In the early 1. Escobar acted as a thief and bodyguard, allegedly earning US $1. Medellín executive for ransom.[1.

Escobar began working for Alvaro Prieto, a contraband smuggler who operated around Medellín, aiming to fulfill a childhood ambition to have COL $1 million by the time he was 2. Escobar is noted for his bank deposit of COL $1.

US $3 million), when he turned 2. Criminal career. Cocaine distribution. International drug routes. In The Accountant's Story, Roberto Escobar discusses the means by which Pablo rose from middle- class simplicity and obscurity to one of the world's wealthiest men.

Beginning in 1. 97. Pablo started developing his cocaine operation, flying out planes several times, mainly between Colombia and Panama, along smuggling routes into the United States. When he later bought fifteen bigger airplanes, including a Learjet and six helicopters, according to his son, a dear friend of Pablo's died during the landing of an airplane, and the plane was destroyed. Pablo reconstructed the airplane from the scrap parts that were left and later hung it above the gate to his ranch at Hacienda Nápoles. In May 1. 97. 6, Escobar and several of his men were arrested and found in possession of 3. Medellín with a heavy load from Ecuador.

Initially, Pablo tried to bribe the Medellín judges who were forming a case against him, and was unsuccessful. After many months of legal wrangling, he ordered the murder of the two arresting officers, and the case was later dropped. Roberto Escobar details this as the point where Pablo began his pattern of dealing with the authorities, by either bribery or murder.[1.

Roberto Escobar maintains Pablo fell into the drug business simply because other types of contraband became too dangerous to traffic. As there were no drug cartels then, and only a few drug barons, Pablo saw it as untapped territory he wished to make his own. In Peru, Pablo would buy the cocaine paste, which would then be refined in a laboratory in a two- story house in Medellín. On his first trip, Pablo bought a paltry 3. At first, he smuggled the cocaine in old plane tires, and a pilot could return as much as US $5.

Rise to prominence. Powder cocaine was manufactured, packaged, and sold by Pablo Escobar and his associates, and eventually distributed to the U.

S. drug market. Soon, the demand for cocaine was skyrocketing in the United States, and Escobar organized more smuggling shipments, routes, and distribution networks in South Florida, California, and other parts of the country. He and cartel co- founder Carlos Lehder worked together to develop a new trans- shipment point in the Bahamas, an island called Norman's Cay about 2. Florida coast. According to his brother, Escobar did not purchase Norman's Cay; it was, instead, a sole venture of Lehder's. Escobar and Robert Vesco purchased most of the land on the island, which included a 1 kilometre (3,3. From 1. 97. 8 to 1. Medellín Cartel. With the enormous profits generated by this route, Escobar was soon able to purchase 7. Antioquia for several million dollars, on which he built the Hacienda Nápoles.

The luxury house he created contained a zoo, a lake, a sculpture garden, a private bullring, and other diversions for his family and the cartel.[1. At one point it was estimated[1. Colombia to the United States every month. In the mid- 1. 98. Medellín Cartel was shipping as much as 1. United States (the biggest load shipped by Escobar was 5.

Escobar). Roberto Escobar also claimed that, in addition to using planes, his brother employed two small submarines to transport the massive loads.[2]Established drug network. In 1. 98. 2 Escobar was elected as an alternate member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia, as part of a small movement called Liberal Alternative. Earlier in the campaign he was a candidate for the Liberal Renewal Movement, but had to leave it because of the firm opposition of Luis Carlos Galán, whose presidential campaign was supported by the Liberal Renewal Movement.[2. Thanks to his seat in the parliament, Escobar was the official representative of the Colombian government for the swearing- in of Felipe González in Spain.[citation needed]Escobar quickly became known internationally as his drug network gained notoriety; the Medellín Cartel controlled a large portion of the drugs that entered the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and Spain. The production process was also altered, with coca from Bolivia and Peru replacing the coca from Colombia, which was beginning to be seen as substandard quality than the coca from the neighboring countries.